What is a cavity?
Short answer
A cavity is a hole in the tooth caused by acid from bacteria that live in dental plaque.
Simple explanation
Sugar and starches feed the bacteria. The acid slowly dissolves the enamel, then reaches deeper layers. Early cavities have no symptoms — regular check-ups find them before pain starts.
When this usually matters
Small cavities are easy to fill. Big ones may need a root canal or crown.
When to seek dental help
Any brown spot, sensitivity, or hole you can feel with your tongue should be checked.
Questions to ask your dentist
- •How deep is the cavity?
- •What treatment does this cavity need in my case?
- •How can I prevent new cavities?
This is simple educational information. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a dental examination. Your dentist may recommend something different depending on your mouth, X-rays, pain, infection, gums, bone, medical history, and clinical judgment.